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66th Congress, 1 SENATE ( Document 

1st Session. J I No. 72. 



PAPERS CONCERNING THE GERMAN PEACE TREATY 



MESSAGE 

FROM THE 



PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



TRANSMITTING, 



IN RESPONSE TO SENATE RESOLUTIONS OF JULY 15 AND 17, INFOR- 
MATION CONCERNING THE PURPORTED GERM AN- JAPANESE 
TREATY, THE ADJUSTMENT IN REFERENCE TO SHANTUNG, AND 
THE INTIMIDATION OF CHINESE PEACE DELEGATES BY JAPAN. 



August 11, 1919. — Read, referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and ordered 

to be printed. 



To the Senate: 

I have received the resolutions of the Senate, dated July 15 and 
•Inly 17, asking — 

First, for a copy of any treaty purporting to have been projected 
between Germany and Japan, such as was referred to in the press 
dispatch inclosed, together with any information in regard to it which 
may be in possession of the State Department, or any information 
concerning any negotiations between Japan and Germany during the 
progress of the war. In reply to this resolution, I have the honor 
to report that I know of no such negotiations. I had heard the rumors 
that are referred to, but was never able to satisfy myself that there 
was any substantial foundation for them. 

Second, requesting a copy of any letter or written protest by the 
members of the American Peace Commission or any officials attached 
thereto against the disposition or adjustment which was made in 
reference to Shantung, and particularly a copy of a letter written by 
Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, member of the Peace Commission, on behalf 
of himself, Hon. Robert Lansing, Secretary of State, and Hon. Henry 
White, members of the Peace Commission, protesting against the 
provisions of the treat}^ with reference to Shantung. In reply to this 
request, let me say that Gen. Bliss did write me a letter in which he 
took very strong ground against the proposed Shantung settlement, 
and that his objections were concurred in by the Secretary of State 



2 PAPEES CONCERNING THE GERMAN PEACE TREATY. 

and Mr. Henry White. But the letter can not properly be described 
as a protest against the final Shantung decision, because it was writ- 
ten before that decision had been arrived at and in response to my 
request that my colleagues on the commission apprise me of then 
judgment in that matter. The final decision was very materially 
qualified by the policy which Japan undertook to pursue with regard 
to the return of the Shantung Peninsula in full sovereignty to China. 

1 would have no hesitation in sending the Senate a copy of Gen. 
Bliss's letter were it. not for the fact that it contains references tc 
other Governments which it was perfectly proper for Gen. Blis 
make in a confidential communication to me, but which I am sure 
Gen. Bliss would not wish to have repeated outside our personal and 
intimate exchange of views. 

I have received no written protests from any officials connected 
with or attached to the American Peace Commission with regai 
this matter. 

I am also asked to send you any memorandum or other info 
tion with reference to an attempt of Japan or her peace deli 
intimidate the Chinese peace delegates. I am happy to say that t 
have no such memorandum or information. 

Woodrow Wilson. 

The White House, 8 August, 1919. 

O 



0. of 5>. 

AUG 15 1919 



(Reprinted from Library Resources and Technical Services, Vol. 3, No. 2, Spring 1959) 

ranged in some queer Yankee philosophical system to provide the maxi- 
mum mystification." For the mystifying system there must, however, be a 
historical hypothesis. Having scrapped the classed catalog, Cutter and 
his school were faced with alternatives they could not accept — the strict 
alphabetic arrangement because of class incongruities that unavoidably 
arise and the alphabetico-classed catalog because of antipathy for an 
open classed order. Their product was a neither-this-nor-that compromise 
in communication that has become structurally misleading and meaning- 
less. Each age has its own architecture. 

REFERENCES 

Coates, E. J. "The Use of the B.N.B. in Dictionary Cataloging." Library Association 
Record 59:197-202, June 1957. 

Mann, Margaret. Introduction to Cataloging and the Classification of Books. Chicago, 
American Library Association, 1930. 

Prevost, Marie Louise. "An Approach to Theory and Method in General Subject 
Cataloging." Library Quarterly, 16:140-151, April 1946. 

Shera, Jesse H., ed. Documentation in Action. New York, Reinhold Publishing Com- 
pany, 1956. 

Strout, Ruth French, ed. Toward a Better Cataloging Code. Chicago, University of 
Chicago Press, 1957. 



N ew Serial Titles* 

Mary'^E. Kahler 

Chief, Serial Record Division 

Library of Congress 

New Serial Titles, as it is today, is a response to two needs — a listing of 
current serials which can provide a basic selection and reference aid con- 
cerning newly-published serial titles, and a union list giving bibliographic 
information and showing the location of serials. 

In 1950, a plan was conceived at the Library of Congress for putting 
the Library's records of serial holdings on punched cards and for listing 
and reproducing this information for display in various parts of the Li- 
brary. Once this was done, it was thought that it would be possible to plan 
for the creation of a union catalog of serials on punched cards and the re- 
production of union lists based on this catalog. 

Since then, the Joint Committee on the Union list of Serials has dis- 
cussed and considered the union list problem at its meetings, and a special 
study was made for the Committee early in 1957. Matters given continued 
attention have been the scope of the information to be gathered, the ar- 
rangement of the entries and the needed approaches to the catalog, the ex- 
tent of holdings information, and methods of gathering and compiling the 



• Revision of a paper presented at the meeting of the Serials Section, RTSD, San 
Fiat cisco, American Library Association, July 17, 1958. 

• 145 • 



information to go into the catalog and the publications based on the 
catalog. 

When Serial Titles Newly Received was first issued by the Library of 
Congress in 1951, its compilation was based on the punched card system 
which was part of the original plan. This provided a means of experiment- 
ing with the coding, punching, and printing processes inherent in the 
punched card method. In July, 1952, the scope of the publication was ex- 
panded to include serials newly acquired by the New York Public Library, 
and the first step was taken toward making the publication a union list as 
well as a source of information about new serials. 

In 1953 the publication became New Serial Titles, and the H. W. Wil- 
son Company published the second supplement to the Union List of 
Serials, announcing that they would publish no further supplements. Li- 
braries which had reported to the Union List of Serials were urged to co- 
operate in the new venture by reporting their holdings in order to pro- 
vide union list control for serials too recently published to be covered by 
previously published union lists. As a corollary action, it was decided to 
exclude serials first published before 1950 from the scope of NST. Like 
Serial Titles Newly Received, NST included certain types of publications 
such as government documents, serial publications of international con- 
ferences and congresses, and administrative reports, all of which had been 
excluded from the ULS. In 1954 the Library acquired improved punched 
card tabulating equipment and cards were re-punched. Entries which re- 
quired it were edited to conform to a decision to return to ALA rules of 
entry for the Serial Record and for NST. 

By the end of 1953, 102 libraries were reporting holdings; today there 
are about 300 participating libraries. Through a special arrangement with 
the Canadian National Library, the coverage of Canadian libraries was ex- 
panded and continues today. 

An indication of the growth of NST and of the development of its 
union list functions can be found in the "vital" statistics of the last three 
cumulations. The 1955 volume contained close to 36,000 titles with an es- 
timated 64,000 locations. In the 1956 annual volume, which incorporated 
the results of the checking of earlier receipts by many libraries, there were 
24,596 titles with 103,565 locations. There were two titles with 100 or more 
locations that year. The 1957 annual volume listed 38,435 titles with 145,- 
895 locations. 

In 1955 and 1956 a number of libraries undertook the checking of the 
1954 or 1955 annual cumulations in order to complete NST coverage of 
their acquisition of post-1949 serials. Some unbound copies of the 1957 
annual volume are now available if there are other contributing libraries 
that would like to check a copy in order to show additional locations of 
NST titles and to make their reporting of post- 1949 titles complete. 

A separate section showing changes such as changes in title, cessations, 
and mergers for all serials, regardless of beginning date of publication, was 
added in 1955. 

The same year, after two experimental issues had been published, the 

• 146 • 



publication ofNeiv Serial Titles-Classed Subject Arrangement began. The 
same entries which appear in the corresponding alphabetical arrangement 
are listed in these subject issues in classed subject arrangement. By taking 
apart the various subject sections, it is possible to have several people re- 
view an issue for acquisitions or reference purposes at one time. There is 
no annual cumulation of the classed subject issues. 

A pattern of cumulation gradually evolved in accordance with the 
recommendations of the Joint Committee on the Union List of Serials. 
Monthly issues and annual cumulations, which went back to the earliest 
issues of Serial Titles Newly Received, were issued through 1955. A de- 
cision was then made to close off the first series of cumulations with that 
year and to start a second series of cumulations in 1956. Since this decis- 
ion was not made until after the 1955 volume was printed, no allowance 
could be made for its being the last volume in a series and it seems to be 
rapidly becoming an "o.p." item, at least around the Library, where it has 
even been necessary to salvage some of the unbound copies returned by li- 
braries which had checked their holdings. It is expected that in i960 there 
will be a cumulation which will cover the ten preceding years. A number 
of titles have been and continue to be transferred from the first series of 
cumulations to the second in order to display additional holding and 
significant title changes. In making a search for a title it is necessary to 
search the latest available cumulation in the first and second series. It is a 
good idea to check the latest volume first, for it is possible that referral to 
the earlier series volume may not be necessary. 

One of the groups represented on the Joint Committee on the Union 
List of Serials, which serves as a "board of directors" for NST, is the As- 
sociation of Southeastern Research Libraries. Since the holdings of these 
libraries were not well covered in the ULS, this group was anxious to 
achieve bibliographical control of their serial holdings. Tn order to do this, 
they decided to compile a regional supplement to the ULS covering earlier 
serials and to make NST their means of inventorying post-1949 serials. 
t Libraries in the area checked copies of the 1954 or 1955 annual cumula- 
tions and these holdings were published in the 1956 annual cumulation of 
NST. According to recent issues of the Newsletters of the Southeastern 
Interlibrary Research Facility, there has been good reporting for the forth- 
coming Southeastern supplement to the ULS. 

By a process of trial and error, the editorial and punched card prob- 
lems of NST are gradually being solved. A changeover in tabulating equip- 
ment required the re-punching of all cards in 1954, and corrections and 
changes in entries are made as they are discovered or reported. With more 
libraries participating in this cooperative effort, the NST Section of LC's 
Serial Record Division is becoming dependent upon these participating li- 
braries for a larger share of the content of the individual issues of NST. 
The Library of Congress is both aware and appreciative of the part played 
by reporting libraries in making NST a better and more useful publica- 
tion. 

Because punched cards are used, the compilation of NST has become a 

• 147 • 



proving ground for the application of mechanical methods to bibliogra- 
phic work. Mechanical methods are used in reproducing sets of cards for 
the secondary files, in the arrangement of the classed subject issue, and in 
preparing printers' copy; but the potentialities of mechanical methods are 
not being fully exploited at the present time. Since all entries are coded 
for country and language of imprint as well as by subject, there are many 
possibilities of selecting, listing, and reproducing serial titles (in card or 
list form). 

Subjects are expressed in Dewey Decimal classification numbers, taken 
for the most part from the Third Summary. Only two digits beyond the 
decimal point are used, and ordinarily no more than two subjects are as- 
signed to a title. When more than one subject is assigned, an extra set of 
punched cards must be made for the classed subject issue. 

The library symbols are the same as those used in the National Union 
Catalog with one slight variation. Since the punched cards do not allow 
the printing of upper and lower case letters, it was necessary to use a space 
instead of a capital letter to indicate separate elements in the library sym- 
bols and permit arrangement in state groups. For example, libraries from 
the states of Illinois, Iowa, Idaho, and Indiana would all be interfiled if no 
space were left to set apart the state symbols of "I," "la," "Id" and "In" 
from the rest of the symbol. In cases where there has been conflict be- 
tween ULS and National Union Catalog symbols, the National Union 
Catalog symbol is followed and a reference is made from the ULS symbol. 
Since there has been some variations in symbols, the list of participating li- 
braries in A T ST itself serves as the definitive key to symbols. 

Reports on post-1949 serials are received daily, and a record of their 
receipt is made in order to provide a measure of the amount of work on 
hand and of the reporting activity of participating libraries. Groups of 
reports are than alphabetized and searched in the NST control file. If a 
title is already there, the report slip represents an additional location 
which must be tabbed and clipped to the title so that a holding card can 
be punched and added to the entry in readiness for the next printing of 
the entry. If it is a new title, the Assistant Editors examine and analyze the 
entry and add the subject classification number and the country and 
language code numbers. Since each report has to be editorially compatible 
with reports coming from many sources and representing the choice of 
many different catalogers, it is sometimes necessary to change entries or to 
make a choice of entry when a title is reported under different headings 
and titles. The same problem exists at the Library of Congress when a 
cataloger in the Descriptive Cataloging Division sets up an entry in a 
way different from the one followed by the Serial Record Division. When 
this happens, the NST entry is changed to agree with the LC printed card, 
and the necessary cross references are made. 

After the Assistant Editor has completed his work, the report slip is 
sent "across the street" to the Library's Tabulating Office. There the re- 
port is converted into the required number of punched cards and the 
en ils are verified. Since many of the entries are in foreign languages, a 

• 148 • 



tabulated listing of the cards is also carefully read by the NST Section. 
After all the entries for an issue have been edited and cards punched, the 
sets of cards are interfiled and the entries are listed on plain white sheets 
which are used for copy for photo-off-set reproduction. 

The pages are prepared by using masking tape and mounting the 
strips bearing the tabulated listing on pre-printed sheets. After initial 
headings and page numbers have been added, the pages are ready to be 
sent to the Government Printing Office. 

With its coverage of post- 1049 serials, NST serves as a continuing and 
growing supplement to the ULS. It is also building up a potential nucleus 
for a national union catalog of serials such as the one planned by the 
Joint Committee on the Union List of Serials and described in the Com- 
mittee's report, A Permanent Program for a Union List of Serials. 

REGIONAL GROUPS _ 

Edith Scott 

Chairman, Council of Regional Groups 

"Cooperation and Communication," the theme of the Southeastern 
Regional Group of Catalogers meeting is also a felicitous description 
of total Regional Group activity. 

Perhaps the most immediate objective of the Regional Groups is the 
communication or sharing of information. The importance of the Code 
of Cataloging Rules discussed at the Stanford Institute on Cataloging 
Code Revision insured further discussion at the Group level by members 
who were present at the Institute. The Illinois Library Catalogers* 
Section heard Kathryn Luther Henderson (McCormick Theological 
Seminary) on entry for works of single authorship and anonyma and 
entry of all institutions under name rather than place. Arnold H. Trotier 
(University of Illinois) selected some of the most significant, including 
the most controversial, revisions for summary and comment. Approxi- 
mately fifty members of the Group were thus able to acquire from these 
two well-organized and clearly stated papers a better acquaintance with 
the major problem areas in catalog code revision. 

The discussion at the Mountain Plains Regional Group was led by 
Pauline A. Seely (Denver Public). The Institute Working Papers on three 
of the major changes proposed, (entries for pseudonyms, corporate bodies, 
and serials), were summarized by Robert Trefz and Florence Wilson 
(both from Denver Public) and Lillian Cooper (University of Colorado) 
respectively. The Oklahoma Regional Group held a one-day study ses- 
sion with Edmon Low and Alice Phelps Pattee (both Oklahoma State) 
and Edith Scott (University of Oklahoma) serving as communicators. 
Here, too, major revisions were the topics of discussion. Gertrude Oell- 
rich (Newark Public) summarized informally highlights of the Code and 
Institute for the New Jersey Group. Frances Lubovitz (Yale) reported on 
the Institute to the Connecticut Group. 

• 149 • 



The Maryland, Virginia, and District of Columbia Regional 
Group included the Stanford Institute as part of a panel appropriately 
titled "What's New?" Catalog code revision is old as contrasted with 
closed-circuit television for library applications, the experiment at the 
University of Virginia reported by Roger P. Bristol. Esther J. Piercy 
(Enoch Pratt) brought members up-to-date on cataloging-in-source for 
which she is conducting a survey of consumer reaction. Recent develop- 
ments in transliteration standards recounted by C. S. Spalding (LC) 
rounded out the panel presentation of cooperative efforts in progress, al- 
most all of which have promise of further cooperation, nationally and 
internationally. 

Dezoey Decimal Classification, Edition 16, is the other "news" of the 
Fall meetings, so new that only the Michigan Regional Group was able, 
through Benjamin A. Custer as guest speaker, to give its full meeting to 
"Dewey Moves Forward." 

Cooperation in centralized processing is receiving new appreciation 
and is expanding in new directions. "Centralized Cataloging for the 
School Library?" received unanimous approval from a panel of school 
librarians at the Wisconsin Group meeting. Marcella Slocum (Wiscon- 
sin Dells H. S.), Sylvia Nicholson (Wilbur Wright Jr. H. S., Milwaukee), 
Barbara Bartley (Columbus H. S.), Lois Blau (East H. S., Madison) and 
Joann Boggs (Racine) were representative of teacher-librarians, librarians 
in school systems with centralized cataloging, as well as those without 
centralization and with varying amounts of clerical assistance. 

The first year's operation of the Southwest Missouri Library Service, 
Inc., was described for the Kansas Group by its president, Willard K. 
Dennis. Mr. Dennis predicts that "The small to medium-sized library 
which is not in a cooperative of this type will discover in time that it has 
become 'Too Soon Oldt and Too Late Schmardt.' " The Public Library 
and Trustees Sections of the Kansas Library Association joined the Cata- 
logers' Section for this meeting. 

Cooperation becomes a necessity in an area where other specialized 
interests overlap, e.g. Serials. A paper on the basics of "Serial Processing" 
by F. Bernice Field (Yale) was the first of a series planned by the Boston 
Regional Group. The projected plan for the Union List of Serials was 
among the topics receiving emphasis in the discussion which followed. 
The Northern California Group also explored a topic requiring coop- 
eration: "Discarding, A Basic Need in Acquisitions." Dorothy Keller 
(University of California) was moderator of the panel. 

The Ontario Regional Group and the Reference Workshop met to- 
gether for a program on "Canada's History in Pictures," a slide show of 
early prints presented with commentary by F. St. George Spendlove, 
Curator of the Sigmund Samuel Canadiana Collections, Royal Ontario 
Museum. The Northern Ohio Catalogers met in the Maumee and Lu- 
cas County Library. A brief h^tory of that Library was included in the 
program, ancLjlTstl^^.MoorVhead then spoke on "American Folk 
Heroes." * 

• 150 • 



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